# AVIF
Image format based on AV1 video codec. High compression efficiency and quality; supports HDR and transparency.
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A
# Alpha Channel
An additional channel in an image that stores per-pixel transparency (opacity).
# AV1
Next-gen royalty-free video codec with excellent compression. Heavier to encode; growing browser support.
# AAC
Advanced Audio Coding. Common lossy audio codec used in MP4 containers.
# Alpha Premultiplication
Technique where RGB values are multiplied by alpha for better compositing.
B
# Background Removal (AI)
Automatic segmentation of the subject from the background using machine learning models.
# Bitrate (Audio)
The number of bits per second used to encode audio. Higher bitrate generally means higher quality and larger files.
# Bit Depth
Number of bits per color channel (e.g., 8‑bit, 10‑bit). Higher depth allows smoother gradients and HDR.
C
# Chroma Key
Technique to remove a specific color background (green/blue screen) from an image or video.
# CRF
Constant Rate Factor. Quality-based control for video encoding; lower CRF = higher quality and larger files.
# Channels (Mono/Stereo)
Audio channel configuration. Mono: one channel. Stereo: two channels (left/right).
# Container
A file wrapper (e.g., MP4, WebM) that holds encoded audio/video streams and metadata.
# Codec
Algorithm that encodes/decodes media streams (e.g., H.264, VP9, AAC, Opus).
# Color Space
Defines how color values map to real colors (sRGB, Display P3). Important for consistent rendering.
# Clipping
Loss of detail when signal exceeds representable range (e.g., blown highlights, audio distortion).
D
# Downsampling / Resampling
Changing image or audio resolution/sample rate. Impacts quality and file size.
# Dynamic Range
Difference between quietest and loudest or darkest and brightest values. Larger range preserves detail.
F
# Frame Rate (FPS)
Frames per second in video. Common values: 24, 30, 60. Higher FPS = smoother motion and larger files.
G
H
# H.264 / AVC
Widely-used video codec balancing quality and size. Plays virtually everywhere, including older devices.
# HDR
High Dynamic Range. Wider brightness and color gamut; supported by some modern formats (e.g., AVIF, HEVC).
J
# JPG / JPEG
Lossy raster image format optimized for photographs. Adjustable quality controls file size and artifacts.
K
# Keyframe (Video)
Frame encoded without reference to other frames. More keyframes improve seeking but increase size.
L
# Lossy Compression
Compression that discards some data to reduce size (JPG, MP3). Introduces artifacts at low quality.
# Lossless Compression
Compression that preserves all original data (PNG, FLAC).
M
# MP4
Container format typically using H.264/AVC video and AAC audio. Widely compatible across devices and browsers.
# MP3
Popular lossy audio format; broadly compatible across platforms and devices.
# Metadata (EXIF)
Embedded metadata in images (camera settings, orientation, GPS). Often removed to reduce size or for privacy.
N
# Noise / Artifacts
Unwanted distortions from compression or processing (blocking, ringing, banding).
# Normalization
Adjusting audio gain to reach a target loudness without changing dynamics.
O
P
# PNG
Portable Network Graphics. Lossless raster image format supporting transparency (alpha channel). Great for graphics, logos, UI assets.
# Pitch (Semitones)
Perceived frequency of sound. Shifting pitch in semitones raises or lowers notes without changing speed.
# PCM
Pulse-Code Modulation. Raw uncompressed digital audio representation.
S
# Sample Rate
Number of samples per second in audio (Hz). Common values: 44100 Hz, 48000 Hz.
T
# Tempo
Speed of audio playback (e.g., 0.5×–2×). Can be changed independently from pitch with time-stretching.
# Time-stretching
Changing the duration (tempo) of audio without altering pitch.
# Transcoding
Converting media from one format/codec/container to another.
# Transparency
Portions of an image/video that are fully or partially see-through, typically via alpha channel.